What are the various Methods of treatment of water

Methods of treatment of water :- 

Here in this blog we will discuss the methods which are used by the municipal authority for the domestic supply of water.

It seems to be very interesting to know about the treatment of the water which reaches our home for our domestic use so let’s begin with the methods of treatment. 

1. Screening :-

  

In this process generally large waste is removed by simply screening the water. 

in this process some floating materials like as leaves and twigs etc. from water in this method raw water is passed through screening which has holes. hear the floating material are simply retained and water just pass through the holes. 

This method removes the large particle mixed with the water at the time of storage of water in the dams. 

2. Sedimentation :- 

The process which comes after the screening process is a sedimentation process so in this process the water is allowed to stand undisturbed in big tanks for some time in order to facilitate the setting down of the coras suspended particle due to the force of gravity is called the process of sedimentation. 

This process of removing suspended particle by keeping that water undisturbed in a suspended tank for the time period of approx 2 to 8 hours 

Most of the particle get settle down at the bottom of the tank due to the force of gravity 

The clear supernatant water is then drawn out from the tank with the help of pumps. This process removes only 70 to 75 % of the suspended matter. 

3. Sedimentation with coagulation :- 

Now the next method which is used for the process of treatment of the water for the municipal supply is sedimentation with coagulation. 

 

As we see in the above process of sedimentation doesn’t purify the water at all. 

So in this step the water which comes after the sedimentation process or the water which contains finely divided silica, clay or maybe some organic matter do not settle down by the process of sedimentation.

Most of these are in colloidal form and carry definite types of charges. Thus, they do not coagulate due to mutual repulsion. for their removal coagulation is required.

4. Filtration :- 

Filtration is the process of removal of coarse impurities (that is coagulated colloidal material, suspended material etc.)and some harmful micro-organism by passing water through a porous material consisting of a bed of fine sand and other granular materials and the porous material which is used for the filtration process is known filter 

And the filter which is used for the filtration process of the water is mainly classified into two categories which is gravity filter and another is pressure filter 

 

5. Sterilisation of water / disinfection of water :- 

Sterilisation is the process of destroying/killing pathogenic bacterias and other harmful microorganisms from water to make the water safe to use is known as sterilization of water or disinfection of water.

And the chemicals which are used for this purpose are called disinfectants. but disinfection does not ensure the total destruction of the microorganisms of water but on the other hand sterilization means complete destruction of all living organisms which is possible by boiling the water over a period of time.

Characteristic of an ideal disinfectant :- 

The characterstic of an ideal disinfectant are as follows 

• An ideal disinfectant should be able to kill the pathogens at room temperature

• It should no be much expensive 

• It should nob be harmfull to the health of human

• It should provide protection against any contamination in water during conveyance or storage

The disinfectant of water can be done in many ways below are some common methods which are used for the disinfectant of water 

1. Boiling of water 

2. Bleaching powder method 

3. Chlorination method 

4. Chloramine process 

5. Ozonization process 

6. Iodine process 

7. Potassium permanganate mwthod 

8. Chlorine dioxide 

9. By ultra voilate light 

I hope the above mention information help you to understand the methods of the treatment of water also the after going through the information mention above you will be able to inspect the purity of water 

Thankyou 

BY :- ADARSH GUPTA 

What are the methods used for the treatment of water

Methods of treatment of water :- 

Here in this blog we will discuss the methods which are used by the municipal authority for the domestic supply of water.

It seems to be very interesting to know about the treatment of the water which reaches our home for our domestic use so let’s begin with the methods of treatment. 

1. Screening :-

  

In this process generally large waste is removed by simply screening the water. 

in this process some floating materials like as leaves and twigs etc. from water in this method raw water is passed through screening which has holes. hear the floating material are simply retained and water just pass through the holes. 

This method removes the large particle mixed with the water at the time of storage of water in the dams. 

2. Sedimentation :- 

The process which comes after the screening process is a sedimentation process so in this process the water is allowed to stand undisturbed in big tanks for some time in order to facilitate the setting down of the coras suspended particle due to the force of gravity is called the process of sedimentation. 

This process of removing suspended particle by keeping that water undisturbed in a suspended tank for the time period of approx 2 to 8 hours 

Most of the particle get settle down at the bottom of the tank due to the force of gravity 

The clear supernatant water is then drawn out from the tank with the help of pumps. This process removes only 70 to 75 % of the suspended matter. 

3. Sedimentation with coagulation :- 

Now the next method which is used for the process of treatment of the water for the municipal supply is sedimentation with coagulation. 

 

As we see in the above process of sedimentation doesn’t purify the water at all. 

So in this step the water which comes after the sedimentation process or the water which contains finely divided silica, clay or maybe some organic matter do not settle down by the process of sedimentation.

Most of these are in colloidal form and carry definite types of charges. Thus, they do not coagulate due to mutual repulsion. for their removal coagulation is required.

4. Filtration :- 

Filtration is the process of removal of coarse impurities (that is coagulated colloidal material, suspended material etc.)and some harmful micro-organism by passing water through a porous material consisting of a bed of fine sand and other granular materials and the porous material which is used for the filtration process is known filter 

And the filter which is used for the filtration process of the water is mainly classified into two categories which is gravity filter and another is pressure filter 

 

5. Sterilisation of water / disinfection of water :- 

Sterilisation is the process of destroying/killing pathogenic bacterias and other harmful microorganisms from water to make the water safe to use is known as sterilization of water or disinfection of water.

And the chemicals which are used for this purpose are called disinfectants. but disinfection does not ensure the total destruction of the microorganisms of water but on the other hand sterilization means complete destruction of all living organisms which is possible by boiling the water over a period of time.

Characteristic of an ideal disinfectant :- 

The characterstic of an ideal disinfectant are as follows 

• An ideal disinfectant should be able to kill the pathogens at room temperature

• It should no be much expensive 

• It should nob be harmfull to the health of human

• It should provide protection against any contamination in water during conveyance or storage

The disinfectant of water can be done in many ways below are some common methods which are used for the disinfectant of water 

1. Boiling of water 

2. Bleaching powder method 

3. Chlorination method 

4. Chloramine process 

5. Ozonization process 

6. Iodine process 

7. Potassium permanganate mwthod 

8. Chlorine dioxide 

9. By ultra voilate light 

I hope the above mention information help you to understand the methods of the treatment of water also the after going through the information mention above you will be able to inspect the purity of water 

Thankyou 

BY :- ADARSH GUPTA 

What is a programming language ? How does it work ? What is its requirement ?

What is a programming language ? How does it work ? What is its requirement ?

As the word language tells that it is the medium of communication 

So in our daily life we use some common language to communicate easily 

Basically we required a common language for the communication common language means that should be understood by both participant 

Similarly to communicate with the computer we requires a common language which should be understood by both user as well as computer 

So to easily communicate with the computer we need a programming language 

Because computer understand only binary numbers which is in the form of “0101” only it does not understand languages like english, hindi, french etc. and humans can't understand the binary numbers easily so this becomes a hurdle between the humans and computers to communicate easily 

So to communicate with the computer easily we need a common language which should we understood by both of them to communicate easily 

Some of the programming languages which are used nowadays to communicate with the computer are as follows - c, c++, java, python,swift etc. 

By using these languages when we give some command to the computer to perform some task then we write some piece of code by using a text editor which is understood by us and then we use a compiler to convert that piece of code into the binary format which is understood by the computer easily 

After the compilation process the computer get some instruction in the format of “01” and perform some task as per the instruction provided

In today's era the use of computers are increasing rapidly and the dependency over the computer is increasing day by day 

So it's become our necessity to learn programing to make our daily task easy and to reduce the complexity of work 

I hope the above information helps you to acquire a basic knowledge about the programming languages also you have learned about the working and importance of programming languages 

Thankyou 

BY :- ADARSH GUPTA 

 

What are conditional statements in programming ? and what are the uses of these conditional statements in a programm ?

What are conditional statements in programming ? and what are the uses of these conditional statements in a programm ?

Conditional statements in a program are use to check the applicable statement in the program to make the calculation easy and optimized in our program 

Also these conditional statements helps a programmer to solve the complex problems easily in our program 

Below mentioned some conditional statements are often used in our program :- 

1. If statement :- 

Syntax - if (condition) { code block } 

Hear in the if statement we check one condition in our program if the condition given by the user is satisfied then it print some statement in the program 

2. If else statement :- 

Syntax - if (condition) { code block }

                else { code block }

Hear in the if else statement we check one condition in our program if the condition given by the user is satisfied then it print some statement and if the condition in the program doesn’t satisfies then it prints some other statement in the program 

3. Else if statement :- 

syntax - if (condition 1) { code block }

              else if (condition 2) { code block }

               else { code block }

Hear in the else if statement we can check two or more than two conditions in our program and return a desirable value through our program

• Ternary operator :- 

Ternary operators are used as a shorthand operators of if-else statement in our program 

as we have seen that it is shorthand operators of if else statement so the implementation of ternary operator is same as if else statement 

Syntax - variable = ( condition ) ? expression true ; expression false ;

• Conditional operators :-

 

Conditional operators in a program are used to check some conditions in the program 

below some of the conditional operators are given :- 

== , != , > ,< ,>= ,<= ,etc

BY :- ADARSH GUPTA 

What is data type ? What are variables ? 

while programming in java or in any other language we need to handle a vast variety of data in our program like integer values, floating values, long, double values, character values, etc. 

Here, java provides the facility to store or handle multiple data like integer value, character value, decimal value, boolean values, etc. these are called as data types. 

Now we will see the various further subgroups of these data types 

1. Integer :- it stores integer values to the computer it’s sub-groups are as follows 

byte(10), short(20823), int(9812324), long(2012329874). 

2. Decimal :- it stores decimal values used in a program. 

float(14.445), double(8.87123). 

3. Character :- it stores character values to the program. 

char(A). 

4. Boolean :- it stores a boolean value to the program which is either true or false. 

boolean(True,False).

The data stored in the memory is in the form of binary numbers which is in the form of 011010. 

While programming in any language whether it is java or it may be any other language we always need to follow a proper syntax of that language 

Also while programming in java we need to take care of the case of the alphabets also because java is a case sensitive language. 

In java semicolons (;) are used to end the line 

While using braces like { }, ( ), < >, etc we need to check that all the braces used in the programme should be present in the pair always means if there is a open braces used in the programm and it should always have a closing braces also otherwise it will give some error

Variables :- 

Variables are used in the programming language for providing the locations of the values which we are providing in the program.

Variables used in the program begins with the small letter and follows the camel case letters 

While handling any character values in the program we need put that characters in the single quotes ( ‘a’ ), and to store string we need to use double quotes ( “string” ) 

Also while storing a float value to the program we need to write f at the end of the numer. 

I hope you’ll get some useful knowledge about programming and it’ll help you to learn the about the programming from the beginning level

Thankyou 

BY :- ADARSH GUPTA

What is communication skill ?

What is communication skill ?

Communicatio is the process of conveying our message, information to another person whether it can be our thought or it can be any other information.

In the process of communication there is a sender who encodes or sends some message to the receiver by using a channel for that and after receiving the message from sender the receiver sends some feedback to the sender this whole process is known as a communication 

Below the flow chart explain the process and medium of communication :- 

Context / idea

 Sender/encoder

  Encoding

  Medium / channel

  Decoding

  Receiver / decoder

Feedback ---> sender again 

Types of communication :- 

The types of the communication is subgrouped on some basis which is as follows 

• on the basis of medium :-

 

 on the basi

• on the basis of channels :- 

• on the basis of directional flow :-

• on the basis of level of communication :- 

By :- ADARSH GUPTA 

What is type casting ? And how to take user input in java ?

What is type casting ? And how to take user input in java ? 

While programming in any language we often use many different data types to store or to use different values in our programme as per our requirements in the program 

to handle the values easily in the program we use type casting in the program 

Type casting is use to assign the value of one primitive data type to another data type is known as type casting

Means hear we are assigning the values of one data type into another data type. 

Also while using type casting in our program we can’t assign boolean value into any other datatype. 

Type casting is of two types :- 

1. Widenning type casting 

2. Narrowing type casting 

In which one is automatically done by compiler which is widening type casting and another is narrowing type casting which is done by manually 

Let's understand by a programm 

package type casting ; 

public class type casting { 

public static void main (string [ ] args ) {

byte x=4; 

int y=x; 

system. out. print (y);

}

}

The output of the above program will be 4, hear we can see that the value of x which is in byte is assigned in int 

Manually type casting or narrowing  :- 

In this type casting we have to store the values besides the series which is to be done manually 

e.g. :- double MyDouble = 3.14 ;

          int MyInt = ( int ) MyDouble ; 

User input in java :- 

To take user input in java we have to use scanner class in java which we are importing through a java file 

e.g. :- import java. util. scanner ; 

scanner sc = new scanner (system .in )

int x = sc. next int (); 

Let's understand by writing a program :- 

package userInput ; 

import java.util.scanner ;

public class scannerUserInput {

public static void main ( string [ ] args ) {

scanner sc = new scanner (system.in) ;

int x = sc. nextInt() ;

system.out.println (x) ;

   }

}

There are two types of data types one is primitive and another is non-primitive data type

There are eight types of primitive data type which is as follows :- 

int, float, double, long, char, boolean, byte, short.

whereas string is a non-primitive data type which is also formed by using primitive data types. strings are used to store words in a program. 

Let’s understand the process of taking user input by writing a program which calculates simple interest 

package userInput ;

import java. util. scanner ; 

public class scannerUserInput { 

public static void main ( string [ ] args ) {

int principal = 5000 ; 

float rate = 12.5f ; 

int time = 12 ; 

float simple interest = principle * rate * time / 100 ;

system .out .println (“ the simple interest is ”)

    } 

}

The output of the above program will we 7500.0 which is a float value 

also in the above program we can take the input from user also 

i.e. :- scanner sc = new scanner ( system.in ) ;

        int principal = sc. nextInt ( ) ;

        float rate = sc. nextfloat ( ) ;

        int time = sc. nextInt ( ) ; 

I hope the above tutorial will help you to learn how to take users input in java also you can understand by the programs that how do we take users input in our program besides this you have also learnt about the type casting and it’s requirement in the program and how we can implement type casting in our program. 

Thankyou 

BY :-  ADARSH GUPTA