basics of civil engineering

BASIC OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 

so hear we'll be discussing about basics of civil engineering means what they actually does what are the job oppurnities which is to be offered to the civil engineers what are the speciliasations of civil engineers so lets begin with the introduction of civil engineers.

civil engineering is one of the oldest branch of engineering discipline and this branch of engineering basically deals with the work like as designing, planning, construction, maintainance of building, road, infrastructure, etc.

The civil engineers ensures the infrastructure which is economically feasiable, technically good and also fullfills the safety critaria to reach the needs of humans 

And the basic responsibalities of civil engineers are planning and designing a structure and analyzing its various aspects.

The function of civil engineer can be classified into three main categories and which is depending on the constructio steps 

1) Before construction

2) During construction 

3) After construction 

As the above mentioned are the steps of construction the first step includes the work such as inivevstigation, site planning,feasibality study and in the second step construction work is carried out as per the planning and ammenments are done as per the requirement while the construction of the building comes to the progression

1. SPECILISATION OF CIVIL ENGINEERING :- 

The civil engineering is further subdevided into many branches which are as follows 

1) structural engineering 

2) geotechnical engineering 

3) environmental engineering 

4) transportaton engineering 

5) water resource engineering

6) surveying 

7) construction engineering

1.1 ) STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING :-  Basically structural engineers works over the outter framework of the bulding and the actually decides the actual shape of the building and infrastructure we can understand their work by simply wit the example of our body such as bones and skeleton of human body decides the shape and size of the body like as beams ,columns and internal structure of the infrastructure decides the shape and size of the infrastructure 

the structural designing plays a very important role in any construction because the basic design of the building is prepared hear 

the structural engineers resolves the various aspects o the construction means it is the branch who actually deals with the aspects like how much load can the infrastructure easilly resist ,how much stress can the building easily resist so these are the apects through a civil engineers had to be deal

  

1.2) GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING :- Geotechnical engineering or soil engineering or geo-technique is the branch of civil engineering which deals with the study of soil and environment 

they actually study the behaviour of soil & environment as well as the application as a building material.

* KARL TERZAGHI is known as the father of the soil mechanics according to karl "Geotechnical engineering is the application of laws of laws of mechanics and hydraulics to engineering problems dealindg with sediments and other unconsolidate accumulation of solid particles.

*andin other words it is the study of soil means it determines that how much much load can be easily resist by the infrastructure also how much soil will expand or shrinks by the action of water 

* The main goal of the civil engineer could range from the designing of foundation and temporary excavation support,through route selection for railway and highways ,to the iportant areas of landfill 

* The geo-technical engineers involves in testing the soil type in lab which is collected from the construction site and also determines the property and behaviour of the soil so that they can reach to the actual strength of the infrastructure 

* Foundation engineering can also be considered as a geo-technical engineerinig.

1.3) ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEEING :- According to 'American academy of environmental engineering and scientist',environmental engineering is the branch of civil engineering which concerned with the application of scientific and engineering principles for 

i) protection of human beings from adverse environmental conditions.

ii) protection of environment both localy as well as globally by the harmfull human and natural activities 

iii) improvement of environmentaly quality 

*Environmental engineers use the principle of engineering ,soil science ,biology ,and chemistry to develope solutions to environmental problems.

*in addditon to controllling polution ,environmental engineers also help to design systems,processes,and equipment'sto clean it up.

Environmental engineering can be devided into two parts :

1) water supply engineering :-

it includes the study of source of water like as surface water,ground water and other sources of water.

it also deals with the distribution of water from purification plant to the consumer 

2) watertreatment engineers :-

it includes the engineers who engaged in the treatment of the water and maintain the balance of the supply of the water across the consumers 

1.4) TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING :- The branch of engineering that regulates the transportation all they ensures the construction of infrastructure which supports the economy of the transportation across the particular region so that they maintain the transportation of goods and also for the communication of the human beings 

besides these this branch has a important roll in the economy of the country because it deals with the transportation of goods across the region and fullfill the requirement of human 

most of industries are also depends on the transportation for the supply of raw materials and goods thats why it has verry important role in the economy of a country 

also it is used by every citizon of the country and provides the door to door facilities thats why it is most used by the people to communicate so that it is a revenue generating asset of the country.
sub division of transportation engineering are classified as below -

* highway engineering - It includes palnning ,designing and construction of highways, bridges etc. they ensures the material used in the construction and also determines the strength of the infrastructure.

* railways engineering - It includes planning,designing and construction of roads in a fesiable way and practical way to reach the need of the communication
the role of civil engineer in railways is to ensure the alignment of the track and also maintains the gap between them

* airways engineers - airways engineers deals with the designing, planning and construction of terminals,airports,runways ,etc.
they also marks the visual on the runway.

* waterways engineering :- these re the engineers who deals wih the tansportation system in water bodies by the construction of harbours, decks ,etc.
they maintain the transportation inside the water for the transportation of goods as well as human beings

1.5) WATER RESOUURCE ENGINEERING :-

It includes the collection and management of water as a natural resource 

the tasks which comes in this category are as follows :-

a. supply of water for human needs 

b. removal of waste water 

c. to empliment methods from the protection of natural hazards like flood etc. 

* hydrology, irrigation engineering comes under wter resource engineering.

* hydrology is the scientific study of the movement ,distribution and equality of water on the earth.

* irrigation engieers plans and designs an effective and convineant method of irigation system they also study and designes dams for controlling the over flow of river water and also for the production of hydroelectric power.

1.6) SUREYING :- 

Before starting the it is done by the survaing engineers basically it is kind of measurement where the surveying enginner just measues the dimension of the site (constructon site)

they designs,measures the boundaries of the land leagely manages the datd of the surveying land ,locates the boundaries over the construction site.

Land survaying

1.7) CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT :-

It is the discipline of civil engineering which deals with the planning and designing and construction of every kind of structure.

* building materials :- the branch of civil engineers who deals with the study of materials used in the construction such as stones, bricks,cements ,steel,etc.

* building construction :- they deals with the various aspects of construction of building elements like as floor,walls,columns,roofs,etc.

* building technology :- they deals with the planning aspectsof building or structure like as building by laws,the orientation of the structure water ressistivity ,noise ressistivity, sound resistivity,etc.

above i have explained the various branch of civil engineering as well as their works 

during the construction of any infrastructure all they play a significant roll in the construction of any infrastructure and reach to the quality of the infrastructure

BY :- ADARSH GUPTA