Name- ADARSH GUPTA
Roll No- 19EAICS006
1.Change the following into passive voice.
a) I had purchased a motorcycle last year.
Ans. A motorcycle had been purchased by me last year.
b) Anita prepares breakfast every day.
Ans. Breakfast is prepared by Anita every day.
c) Pardon me.
Ans. let me be pardoned.
d) Who wrote this book?
Ans. By whom this book was written?
e) The teacher punished the irregular students.
Ans. The irregular students were punished by the teacher.
2.Change to indirect speech.
a) My father says, “you always waste money”.
Ans. My father says that I always waste money.
b) My friend said, “I don’t have rice”.
Ans. My friend said that he didn’t have rice.
c) The officer said to the clerk, “why have you not typed this letter”?
ans. The officer told to the clerk that why he had not typed this letter?
d) He said to me,” let’s go to see a movie”.
Ans. He proposed me that we should go to see a movie.
e) My friend will say,” I am watching tv”.
Ans. My friend would say that he is watching tv.
3.Fill in the blanks with appropriate models.
Q) The doctor__ cure the patient.
Ans. Should
Q) As a child I __gaze at the stars for hours.
Ans. Can
Q) There were clouds in the sky. It__rain.
Ans. May
Q) I __whether drink then commit adultery.
Ans. Would
Q) __the almighty shower his blessing on you.
Ans. May
4. Complete the following sentences with correct form of conditions.
a. If we had taken in a water.
Ans. We would not have any shortage of water for several days.
b. she would go to the party.
Ans. If her parents permit her.
c. If I were you.
Ans. I would enjoy my vacation.
d. if it rains.
Ans. The grass gets wet.
e. If the teacher spoke clearly.
Ans. Students will understand easily.
5. Correct the following sentences.
a. We cannot imagined it.
Ans. We cannot imagine it.
b. Do your grandmother not like to read religious book.
Ans. Does your grandmother not like to read a religious book.
c. We shall be watch the movie.
Ans. We shall watch the movie.
d. Let her watered the plants.
Ans. Let her water the plants.
e. Neither kin nor Shelby are to go into the cave.
Ans. Neither kin nor Shelby are going into the cave.
6. Write in brief.
a.) Give three examples of direct speech.
1. she said, “I am watching a movie”.
2. he said to me,” you should work hard to pass the exam”.
3. he says,” jack kills a giant”.
b.) what do you mean by auxiliary verbs?
Ans. Modals (are also called model verbs, model auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliary) are special verbs which behave irregularly into English. They are different from normal verbs like “work, play, visit”. they give additional information about the function of the name verb that follows it.
We use models to do things like walking about ability asking permission making requests and offers so on e.g., can,could,shall,should etc.
c.) what are different types of conditional sentences?
Ans. Conditional sentences express hypothetical situations and their consequences. They are used to express that the action in the min clause can only take place if a certain condition is fulfilled.
Conditional sentences are also known as conditional clause or if clauses.
Conditional sentences consist of two parts.
A an if clause
A main clause
The if clause is also known as the subordinate’s clause or condition clause, which contain such condition.
The event described in the, maim clause depends on the conditions described in the main clause.
e.g.:
1 ) If it rains we will go for a picnic .
2)if the work is over. I shall leave for home.
… (if clause) ………….(main clause)……….
There are three types of conditional sentences each comprising different pair of tenses.
TYPE 1: OPEN OR LIKELY OR PROBABLE CONDITION
In this type of verb in the if clause is in the present simple and the verb in the main clause is in the simple future.
Eg-1) if you work hard, you will pass the examination
Here “if you work hard” is in simple present &” you will pass the examination is in simple future.
-VARIATIONS IN A MAIN CLAUSE.
a) if + simple present tense + may(possibility)
E.g.-If the fog gets thicker, I may/might cancel my trip.
b) if +simple present tense+ can (Ability or permission)
E.g.-If you speak Chinese, I cannot understand you.
c)if +simple present tense+ must(compulsion)
E.g.-if you want to lose weight, you must exercise.
d)if +simple present tense+ may(permission)
E.g.-If your documents are in order.
e) if +simple present tense+ should (request or advice)
E.g.-You should go for a walk, if rain stops
f) if +simple present tense+ simple present tense
E.g.-if you want to speak better you should study phonetics.
-VARIATIONS OF THE CLAUSE
a) if + present continuous tense.
E.g.if you are studying ,I will switch the lights on.
NOTE: -The use of present continuous in the if clause shows the status of the action-present and future arrangement.
b) If + present perfect tense.
e.g.-if the student has completed the assignments, I will correct them in class.
NOTE: -The use of present perfect indicates completion of an action.
TYPE 2: -Unlikely or improbable or imaginary conditions.
If clause indicates unreality when the past tense in the if clause is not a true part. The verb in the if clause is in the past tense.
E.g. This soup would taste better if it had more salts in it.
-VARIATIONS OF THE MAIN CLAUSE
In this ‘would’ can be replaced by ‘could’ and ‘might’.
a) If I had a type writer I would type it myself.
b) if + past perfect.
E.g if he had taken my advice, he would be an engineer now.
TYPE 3: - IMPOSSIBLE CONDITIONS
The action in the if clause, does not happen as the time is past and the conditions cannot be fulfilled . The verb in the if clause is in the past perfect conditional tense.
(could + have +past participle)
e.g.-
1)If they have been stronger, they would have lifted the table.
2)If he had listened more carefully, he wouldn’t have made so mistakes.
-VARIATIONS AT MAIN CLAUSE
a) if + past perfect + could (ability)
E.g.-if they had been stronger, they could have lifted the table.
b) if +past tense + might (possibility)
E.g.-If you tried again you might win.
c)if + past tense +past tense.
e.g.-if anyone interrupt him, he got angry.
-Variation of the if clause
a)if + past continuous tense
Instead of using past simple into the if clause we can use past continuous form
b) if + past perfect +might
E.g.-if they has known the answers they might have told me.
D. what are different parts of speech?
Ans. The words of the speaker can be reported into two ways.
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Direct speech: -in direct speech we may push question the actual words of the speaker e.g.- he said, “I have lost my phone”.
ii) Indirect speech; -in indirect speech we may report what the person said without questioning the exact words.
E.g.-He said that he had lost his mobile phone.
E. Give four examples of voice.
a) Active voice:-I will clean the house every Saturday.
“’”””” :-We are going to watch a movie tonight.
: -Joseph throw the ball threw the neighbours window.
: - The teacher punished the irregular students.
b) Passive voice: -The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday.
“”””””” :- A movie is going to be watched by us tonight.
: -The ball was thrown through the neighbour’s window via joseph.
: -The irregular students were punished by the teacher.
